The Upper Hand for Winter Safety

Winter weather conditions increase the risk of an upper extremity injury.

Winter sports, slippery sidewalks and snow blowers pose risks to many parts of the body, but hands and wrists in particular take a beating when temperatures plummet and snow and ice accumulate, according to Matthew Cantlon, MD, hand, wrist and elbow specialist at ONS.

“The most common upper extremity injuries in the winter months occur when people extend their arms in front of them to break a fall when they slip on the ice or while engaging in a winter sport,” said Dr. Cantlon, who noted that this is an important reflexive action. Landing on our outstretched hands protects more severe injuries to our head, face, and hips.

If the fall occurs while skiing, the skier can suffer a condition known as Skier’s Thumb if they land with the ski pole still in their hand.

When this happens, the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, located at the base of the thumb, can get strained or tear. A simple strain can be managed with a thumb stabilization brace, over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, and ice. Surgery may be necessary to reattach the ligament if a rupture has occurred and the thumb is unstable.

Wrist fractures

Compression, or buckle, fractures of the wrist can also result from landing an outstretched arm during a fall.  If this occurs near the growth plate in a child, a wrist brace or cast will allow the bone to heal in 3-4 weeks. In comparison, for adults, fractures generally take about 6-8 weeks.  If a more complicated fracture occurs, where both bones of the forearm break, the entire arm — including the elbow — may need a cast.

Prevention tips

Dr. Cantlon said the most important way to minimize the risk for these injuries is through prevention.  He advises people of all ages to wear appropriate footwear, use assistive devices, if needed, and practice vigilance to avoid icy patches. Moreover, skiers and snowboarders should refrain from attempting terrain that is above their ability. Wrist guards may also provide additional protection during these activities.  Finally, when fatigued, winter athletes should take frequent breaks or call it quits.

When to go to the ER

Dr. Cantlon noted that many of these injuries can be treated in an orthopedic doctor’s office. However, serious injuries such as complicated fractures and deep lacerations may require treatment from a hospital emergency medical team. Injuries resulting from improper use of a snow blower, for instance, usually require a trip to the ER.